Design of an STP based on MBR technology in detail
Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) are essential facilities in urban areas to treat the wastewater generated from households and industries before releasing it into the environment. One of the most efficient and advanced technologies used in STP design is the Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) system.
In this blog, we will discuss the design of an STP based on MBR technology in detail, including the functions of each equipment.
Process Overview:
The MBR technology combines biological treatment and membrane filtration to treat the wastewater. The process involves two main stages: biological treatment and membrane filtration. In the biological treatment stage, the wastewater is treated by microorganisms that consume the organic matter and nutrients present in the wastewater. The effluent from the biological stage is then subjected to membrane filtration to remove any remaining suspended solids and pathogens. The filtered water is then disinfected and discharged.
Equipment Functions:
- Screen Chamber: The screen chamber is the first equipment in the STP process, which removes large particles such as rags, plastics, stones, and metal pieces from the wastewater. The wastewater passes through a bar screen or a drum screen, which traps and removes the large particles.
- Grit Chamber: The grit chamber is used to remove grit and sand from the wastewater, which can damage the downstream equipment. The wastewater is allowed to settle in the grit chamber, and the grit and sand settle at the bottom due to gravity. The clarified water is then discharged to the next stage.
- Primary Clarifier: The primary clarifier is used to remove suspended solids and organic matter from the wastewater. The wastewater is allowed to settle in the tank, and the solids settle at the bottom due to gravity. The clarified water is then discharged to the next stage.
- Biological Reactor: The biological reactor is the heart of the MBR system, where microorganisms consume the organic matter and nutrients present in the wastewater. The reactor consists of an aerated tank, where air is provided to support the growth of microorganisms. The microorganisms form a biofilm on the membrane surface, which further helps in removing the pollutants from the wastewater.
- Membrane Filtration Unit: The membrane filtration unit consists of ultrafiltration membranes, which are used to remove any remaining suspended solids and pathogens from the wastewater. The wastewater is pressurized and passed through the membrane, where the solids are retained and the filtered water is collected.
- Disinfection Unit: The disinfection unit is used to disinfect the filtered water before it is discharged into the environment. The water is treated with chemicals such as chlorine or ozone to kill any remaining pathogens.
- Sludge Treatment Unit: The sludge treatment unit is used to treat the excess sludge generated during the biological treatment process. The sludge is dewatered and treated with chemicals to stabilize it before disposal.
Conclusion:
The MBR technology is an efficient and advanced technology used in STP design. The process involves two main stages: biological treatment and membrane filtration. Each equipment performs a specific function in removing the contaminants from the wastewater. A well-designed STP based on MBR technology can effectively treat the wastewater and meet the required environmental standards.
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