How to fill the MGF & ACF?
What is multi grade filter?
The Multigrade Filter is a depth filter that utilizes a fixed ratio of coarse and fine material. This configuration creates a filter bed with sufficient pore size to hold both large and small suspended particles. Sand, pebbles, and gravel are layered and distributed throughout the media bed in varying densities and sizes. Filtration occurs in each media layer when the raw water moves through the various layers. The water's suspended particles, grit, and debris are all collected in the media bed, and only clear filtered water exits the filter's outlet. For the removal of suspended solids and undissolved contaminants including dust particles and heavy metals, etc., multigrade sand filters are strongly advised. Turbidity is decreased as a result.
Working principle:
The Multi Grade Filter retains suspended particulates and activated carbon adsorbs free chlorine, organic compounds, color, and odour onto its surface. Raw water is passed through multiple layers of filter media, including graded sand, white sand, fine sand, and pebble layers. The dirt and suspended particles from the water are retained by the filter bed during the filtration cycle and build up there. When a predetermined threshold of pressure drop is reached, the filter is shut down for cleaning. As the filtration process moves forward, the filter media becomes loaded with the retained particles, which causes a constant increase in pressure drop across the filter.
Effectiveness of Multi Grade Filter (MGF):
The measurement and monitoring of the intake and outlet pressures shows that MGF is operating efficiently.
The level of pressure must be defined in the appropriate process because it depends on the water system's capacity. Backwashing must be done if the pressure is outside of what is considered acceptable.
Backwashing is a technique for efficiently removing impurities from the media bed. After being back-washed, the filter is rinsed with raw water and then put back into operation after the desired level of water quality is reached.
Activated carbon filters (ACF):
In order to make water appropriate for discharge or usage in manufacturing operations, organic compounds and/or free chlorine are often removed from the water using activated carbon filters. By getting rid of organics like humic and fulvic acid from drinking water, chlorine in the water isn't chemically reacted with the acids, creating a class of known carcinogens known as trihalomethanes.
As with any water treatment technique, activated carbon (AC) filtration cannot completely eliminate all contaminants. For instance, AC filtration cannot get rid of salt, bacteria, fluoride, or nitrates. Additionally, using AC filters will not achieve water softening. Furthermore, heavy metals, such as lead, are eliminated only with an extremely particular type of activated carbon water treatment, which is usually employed only in residential point-of-use filters.
How it works?
1. Chlorine removal: Chlorine removal can be accomplished with activated carbon with little deterioration or harm to the carbon. Rapid dechlorination and high flow rates are typical. However, a large amount of surface area is needed for this process, and eventually, the pores of the carbon will become blocked by organics in the water. The activated carbon filter's capacity to dechlorinate the water will eventually deteriorate, necessitating replacement. Reactivated filters should only be utilised in waste-water treatment applications; spent carbon can be reactivated. One benefit of adopting AC is that, once installed, it practically operates "fail safe" and has low operating costs.
2. Removal of organic matter: Organic matter is removed by the "adsorption" process, which traps particles and chemicals inside an activated carbon filter when water flows through it. The following 5 crucial parameters affect the adsorption process: 1) the surface area and pore size distribution of the activated carbon; 2) the amount of hydrogen and oxygen in the carbon source; 3) the chemical composition and concentration of the contaminant; 4) the pH and temperature of the water; and 5) the amount of time the water is exposed to the activated carbon filter. (called empty bed contact time or EBCT).
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